Firing

Kiln Firing Cost Calculator

Estimate the electricity cost of a kiln firing based on wattage, duration, and local electricity rates.

Updated

kW
hours
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$ / kWh
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Results

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Enter your measurements above and click Calculate.

Formula Explanation

Kiln firing cost is a function of the kiln's power draw, the firing duration, and the duty cycle — the fraction of time the elements are actively on.

Energy (kWh) = kW × hours × (duty cycle ÷ 100)
Total Cost = Energy (kWh) × electricity rate ($/kWh)

Common Mistakes

  • cancel Using the kiln's rated wattage at 100% duty cycle. Kilns rarely draw full power throughout a firing. Use the actual average duty cycle (typically 60–75% for Kanthal element kilns) for an accurate estimate.
  • cancel Ignoring the cooling phase. If your kiln holds temperature during cooling (e.g., a slow cool for crystalline glazes), include those hours in your calculation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is duty cycle in kiln firing? expand_more
Duty cycle is the percentage of firing time that the kiln elements are actively drawing power. A kiln rarely runs at 100% — elements cycle on and off to maintain ramp rates. Kanthal element kilns typically average 60–75%.
How do I find my kiln's wattage? expand_more
Check the manufacturer's plate on the kiln back panel or your user manual. Most small studio kilns range from 1.8kW to 3.5kW, while larger kilns can be 8kW to 14kW.
How accurate is this estimate? expand_more
Expect ±10–15% accuracy. Actual costs vary with element age, insulation condition, ambient temperature, and how aggressively you ramp. This tool gives a reliable baseline for pricing your work.